South+America


 * South America **

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 * ~ Pos ||~ Country ||~ Population ||
 * < - ||< **South America** ||< **373,289,000** ||
 * < 1 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png height="15"]] Brazil ||< 187,316,000 ||
 * < 2 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png height="15"]] Colombia ||< 44,556,990 ||
 * < 3 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png height="14"]] Argentina ||< 40,085,130 ||
 * < 4 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png height="15"]] Peru ||< 27,968,000 ||
 * < 5 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png height="15"]] Venezuela ||< 26,749,000 ||
 * < 6 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png height="15"]] Chile ||< 16,295,000 ||
 * < 7 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png height="11"]] Ecuador ||< 14,228,000 ||
 * < 8 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png height="15"]] Bolivia ||< 9,182,000 ||
 * < 9 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png height="13"]] Paraguay ||< 6,158,000 ||
 * < 10 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png height="15"]] Uruguay| ||< 3,463,000 ||
 * < 11 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png height="13"]] Guyana ||< 751,000 ||
 * < 12 ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/22px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png height="15"]] Suriname ||< 499,000 ||
 * < - ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png height="15"]] French Guiana (France) ||< 187,000 ||
 * < - ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png height="11" link="wiki/Falkland_Islands"]] Falkland Islands (UK) ||< 3,060 ||
 * < - ||< [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png width="22" height="11" link="wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg"]] South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (UK) ||< ~20 ||

= Immigration = So basically people leave South America for North America.

Migration
It is thought that people first came to South America 20,000 years ago, many of the people living there survived by hunting gathering. Around 2000 BC people started to farm in South AMerica, corn squash and beans were the common crops. Early South America was home of the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Aztecs, and the Incan civilizations.

Around the 1600's other countries started colonizing parts of the world. South America was no exception, the Spanish lay claim to South America. Around 1620 The Dutch West India Company was founded, and this began the major good trade through South America. Western diseases started to kill out the indigenous peoples in South America and the rest were converted to Christianity by the Europeans. Eventually the SPanish American War of independence occurred and some South American countries gained their independence from their mother countries.

=**Politics **= Venezuela is inviting a television company to start airing their shows again after they got kicked off for airing Anti-Chavez crimes. The company agreed to stop airing the Anti-Chavez crimes and will begin showing what they showed before the Anti-Chavez channel. It was illegal to shut down a network so they brought it back without the Anti-Chavez channels.

Also, the president of Venzula is hoping to meet with Obama. South America is trying to avoid being in the military draft so the South American countries are trying to avoid any type of war within the countries. IT seems as though they are trying to remain neutral.

[| http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/southamerica/before1500/index.htm] [| http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/sa/ht09sa.htm] [| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_America#European_colonization]

= Globalization = For South America, the native people started globalizing because of poverty. Most South American countries aren't wealthy with money except for a few of it's countries, Food was in supply, but with bad weather came bad crops which made people weary of wether or not to relocate. Countries that started off poor in population soon became over populated because they had what the other countries were lacking.

The UN & South America
South America is having a big problem with Hati. (Obviously) The UN can offer to help it, but South America is crying out for another type of help. South America has internal wars between the different countries. Each country has what the other needs and they are deciding to with hold the products. The UN would like to make sure trade and production are equal between the countires.

= Energy =

[| http://www.mapsofworld.com/south-america/energy-resources.html]

This map shows the energy sources for the major parts of South America. Petroleum seems to be the most commonly used energy source and Uranium is the least used.

Argentina uses petroleum, natural gases, coal and electricity for energy. The source of energy used the most is natural gas and the source of energy that they produce the most of is petroleum and his is also their major energy export. (http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=AR) In 1997 Argentina exported far more "energy" than they imported, and in 1999 the most energy in Argentina was used for industry and transportation(32% each) while agriculture only used 6% of the energy consumed that year. From 1971 to 1999 the energy usage in Argentina almost doubled, with a dramatic pull in the 1990s. During this time period the least common source of energy was fossil fuels and the most common being "other renewable" energy sources. (http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/energy-resources/country-profile-6.html)

**Science and Technology** Well, the most recent news coming out of South America is about the massive 8.8 earthquake and tsunami that hit Chile on February 27, 2010. It was said to be five hundred times stronger than the earthquake that hit Haiti about a month prior, yet the [|damages to Chile] were no where near as bad as the ones in Haiti. From a science and technology aspect, this earthquake shook the earth so hard, that we [|lost 1.26 millionths of a second] off of our day. Also, because these earthquakes and tsunamis are resulting in so many deaths and whole cities collapsing, the technology for detecting and warning people of such events will probably get better.

I ran across a Harvard article that goes into depth about how South America lacks Science research. I felt like this article was interesting because It informed me on something that I had no knowledge about, and that was what I thought was a well advance country( South America) was not that well advance in the scientific and technological world.

If you click on this link below you can read a little more about the lack of science in South America. http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reportsitem.aspx?id=101304

As it was pointed out, South America is lacking science and technology that most of the developed world has achieved. Another article that I found was an article that explains how technology is being introduced to South America. This [|Article] shows how Uruguay has replaced Chile as the top technology country in Latin America. It also goes further explaining the different achievements South America is starting to gain.

**Economy** Looking specifically at Chile, both before and after the massive earthquake that hit them, are very successful economically. According to [|USA Today], Chile has averaged steady growth of about 4% a year, and is the world's largest producer of copper. They have low debt and have savings of about 11 billion, making them an extremely stable country and able to overcome even such a disaster as a magnitude 8.8 earthquake and tsunami.

My region of South America was Columbia. As I was searching for information on the inter-web. I saw this great government website, CIA The World Factbook Columbia. It had everything you needed to know. Columbia's economy grow 20%, and unemployment was cut by 25% doing the past few years. However, Columbia's economical progress took a major hit in the past couple years because of the global financial crisis.

If you click on this link below, you will be able to read more on Columbia's Economy status. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/co.html

Argentina is one of the largest Nations in the world. Its Economy was not as bad either. About a century ago, Argentina was a very wealthy nation, today it suffers a bit. It has had some inflation and the Republic of Argentina has been in a depression. Argentina is one of the [|G-20 major economies] as well. [|Argentina]

**Trade** As mentioned in the previous section, Chile is the world's largest exporter of copper, which is extremely valuable. Not only that, but South America in general is known to export a lot of fruit and vegetables, mostly to the United States. Because of this, they are a very stable continent and are able to import luxury goods. However, according to an [|article] I read, Latin America's "strong local currencies will hurt the region's exports." The logic presented is a somewhat complex, the U.S.'s interest rates are near zero, and Latin America's interest rates are high. Therefore, countries are buying Latin American investments and later converting them to the U.S., gaining the system. Luckily, because they are so rich to begin with, they should be fine for a little while. But if they plan to be competitive, they will have to find new and innovative things to export.

Argentina, being one of the largest nations of the world, has pretty good trade relationships with many countries. It has a good relationship with most of its neighbors, though the relationship between Argentina and Brazil are a bit tense. It exports and imports a lot of goods from all over the world, as well.

**Security and Terrorism** I haven't found much evidence of terrorism or security threats in South America. However, there are a couple of terrorist groups named "FARC" and "ETA" that Venezuela is accused of being in association with. Other than that, the recent headlines read "[|Moscow bombing looms over G8 ministers' talks]," "Russia and Venezuela Deepen Ties with Energy, Military Deals," "Crusading Spanish judge faces abuse of powers trial," etc.

Colombia is considered to be one of the more developed countries in South America. Columbia really doesn't have terrorism. As I briefly searched the inter-web I came across something about legalizing "weed". Other then that Columbia is a pretty safe place to live in considering it's on a whole other continent that's not as powerful as some other advance developed countries.

It is interesting to notice the different terrorist groups in the world. In South America there is a terrorist group called FARC. FARC has been involved in kidnappings and committing acts of violence towards leaders. As mentioned above, FARC is said to be associated with the country of Venezuela. FARC is said to be in connections with a Basque terrorist group ETA.

I read briefly about the connection between Hugo Chávez and his connections to the mob groups in Venezuela. There is high suspicion that they are connected to each other. **Education** Well, I found an interesting article about Argentina schools letting their students watch the World Cup during school, because the truancy rates would soar. It was said that two of the three matches occur on school days, the education minister, Sileoni, completely agreed, saying: "The World Cup is a very important cultural event, a party and has a great educational interest. Watching a match at school takes up two hours of class time. But if students stay at home that's six hours at least."

[|Education of Chile] This article is somewhat interesting because I couldn't really find any up to date information besides the Newstrust article about the schools or just education in Chile in general. This article compared two countries (Chile and Argentina) and their education in relationship to social change that they face as time goes on. They do hands on things and research similar to ours that are used as tools for social change. This is a program so that students can learn to compare social change to education. Programs like these exist in a handful of different regions. Right below is a picture of students observing and working in a Chilean elementary school. Directly below the first visual is a visual of Chile's progress in education in areas like reading and math compared to other Latin American countries.

Olaitan [|School in Argentina.] This is a picture of an Argentinian library filled with little Argentinian children ready to learn more about books and reading. The library has just been opened up and the leader of the reading group has sent the U.S mail about how it's going and how all the children are really enjoying these new books.

Naima Holland: Students in Chile lead a strike against the country's history. They expressed how they felt about the fact that they wanted to use public transportation for free. They want lower fees for college entrance exams and they want somebody to be their voice in government policy. The main fuel behind their protest is that they want their public school system to be better.

Naadir Ginyard Above is a picture of young students in school Brazil sitting in a classroom patiently waiting to instructed. This picture makes it eveident that students take fuul advantages of their leanring opportunities. Its ashamed that Brazil is still trying to pay off a foreign debt that causes money to be drawn from the money dispatched to education. Since 1998 they have made some improvement making High School free and are spending a good chunk of the countries total budget on education. The goal is to raise literacy levels.

= **Development** = Melanie I've found an interesting article about Chile and it's latest [|development] being done in terms of infrastructure. They plan on improving their infrastructure and making it better than it was before experiencing the recent Earthquake. The new presidenSebastián Piñera addresses it during a speech which is shown below.

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Naima Holland :

This is an image of people in Rio grande state in Brazil, they are working on building and developing a church. The IPIB is launching a project called "Gaúcho Project" they want to plant churches they help meet the needs of people living in southern Brazil. [|Here] is the link where I found this story.

= Society and Culture = http://www.geographia.com/argentina/history.htm This website serves as a kind of text book chapter all about Argentina and its culture. As for news on the Argentine Culture and Society, a link I posted on Newstrust gives news stories about this topic.

http://www.theargentimes.com/socialissues/environment/try-a-carrotmob-%E2%80%93-it%E2%80%99s-cooler-than-a-boycott-/

This is an article that speaks on the debate of a grocery store owner in Argentina trying to promote better foods and is taking a very strong stand.



M.T The following is a link to a slideshow showing the society of Chile's damage due to an Earthquake with a 8.8 magnitude. [|Slideshow]



Directly above is a picture of the //Museo de Arte de Lima// (Lima Art Museum) that recently reopened. This museum includes the culture of countries of South America. "In only eight days, the Museum has received some 10,500 visitors; only on Sunday 3,200 showed up, beating its record of unique visitors in one day."

Naima Holland: On the third week in May people in Guyana celebrate their Independence in Canada for a month. This has become apart of their culture, and just recently in 2000 they initiated the Guyana awards where they recognize the great.

= Human Rights = Olaitan Akinsola = =

The only problem with Human rights in South America USED to be Women's Rights. But that was back in 1998. It wasn't until last year that their rights have just started to improve. Over half of the 20+ countries in South America have actually moved forward politically and it won't be long until the other half follows suit.

http://dissidentvoice.org/2009/03/the-struggle-for-womens-equality-in-latin-america/

Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights said that the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government, but in South America, the will of the people seems to be the //nemesis// of the government’s authority. The leader of a Colombian human rights protest in March was shot and killed by four cops on bikes. In fact, many human rights defenders were mercilessly slaughtered like cattle. It’s as if the South American governments want to be evil, and are trying to make their nations as dystopian as they can get. Article 21 also says that everyone has the right of equal access to public service in their countries. But public service has been denied to almost everyone in South America. Several citizens were deprived of Health Care, and insurance was practically squandered. Finally, the 21st article said that everyone had the right to take part in their country’s government either directly or through selected representatives. But the government is deciding who gets to lead, and trying to silence the voices of the community. This is absolute tyranny! Why can’t the UN do anything?

[]

Article 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says //"Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized."// meaning that everyone in the world should have the rights stated on this declaration. The article I read talked about how in Latin America the murder rate is very high and a lot of these victims are youths from poor or lower class of people. Where are there rights? I took this quote from the article "//“Human rights, he said, “cannot be understood as obstacles to governmental action in citizen security activities, but, on the contrary, they must be understood as reference points that guide the action of authorities and officials charged with enforcing the law and as true indicators to measure the efforts of the state.”//" It should be the governments job to inform the people.

Sasuke Vince Evans Human Rights- South America I found this article (Brazil, Fight for Justice Leaves Man Fearing for Life) that is fairly recent based on defiance of the freedom of speech human right. Human rights is our new subject topic this week. The article discusses how a local Brazilian was shot at and threatened because he wanted justice for his brothers death at the hand of police officers. Josilmar Macario dos Santos had a campaign rallying for his brothers justice, i.e. putting his right to freedom speech into action but was punished for it, so this represents how human rights in this section of South America can be violated though in other sections the rules may be more lenient toward people utilizing their rights, and other portions not so much. Link for article : http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR19/006/2010/en/396df572-7689-44ee-98dc-8e8f116478a3/amr190062010en.html

= Gender Issues = Women have often been treated unfairly throughout South America. They were more subject to acts of rape and nobody felt sorry for them, when they were divorced, they never able to actually take their kids or belongings with them, and they lack several rights that men have. Several South American countries have denied women education, military access, and other essential rights that men have. Thankfully, not all South American countries are this cruel. In Chile, for example, more women are getting the rights to more education and the labor force, as since the 1880's there has been a considerable increase in female lawyers and physicians, and by 1990, half of the nation's primary and secondary students were female. This revolutionized women's rights throughout Chile, advancing their human rights.

@http://womenshistory.about.com/library/ency/blwh_chile_gender_family.htm

Like in America, we have the Mexican border, in Mexico they have a border to, from other countries in Latin America. There are people migrating from one country to another, perhaps trying to get to America they have to cross many borders. Well back to the main points. Many of these migrants are women and 60 percent of these women and girls who are migranting, are experiencing sexual violence.

Read more: []

Sasuke Vince evans GlobalizationTopic, gender…I found an article based on gender specific roles in Chile, a country in South America. It discusses ideas pertaining to family traditions in Chile, norms, and education. Specifically the article states that in the past many women have not had equal access to education but now they all (that being men and women) have equal opportunity to learn and be knowledgeable. The article has many statistics, fancy information that could be of importance use to some, more statistics like dates, percentages on women that were granted rights at certain time periods of our existence. http://womenshistory.about.com/library/ency/blwh_chile_gender_family.htm