Sub-Saharan+Africa

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News sources
news24 The Sunday Independant (Johannesburg) SABCNews [|Kenya deals with AIDS] [|allAfrica.com] [|The Standard (Kenya)]

Migration and Colonization
[|**Coloniztion:**]

Impact of Colonization in Sub-Saharan Africa:

http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/g101ilec/ssa/afh/afcol/afcolfr.htm
 * 1) Economic development modified for benefit of Europe.
 * 2) Inappropriate technologies introduced.
 * 3) Coastal states rose in power while the interior's influence declined.
 * 4) Political stability declined (?) as national liberation movements arose.
 * 5) Geometric borders ignored cultural geography.
 * 6) Migration routes closed off.
 * 7) Colonial cities arose.
 * 8) European model of government introduced often contrary to the traditional culture of direct access and communication.
 * 9) Crude Death Rates decreased resulting in an increase in the rate of population growth.
 * 10) Colonial transportation networks established connecting the interior to the coast with few internal connections.
 * 11) Trade patterns directed toward Europe diminishing local regional complementarities.
 * 12) Dual economies established: a modern European sector along side a traditional subsistence sector.
 * 13) Introduction of Europeans systems of education.
 * 14) Introduction of European religions
 * Migration**

Politics/International Law and Organizations
[|Issues in the Contemperary Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa] This article talks about different issues that are being faced in Sub-Saharan Africa, like how their economic development is going. It offers a different analysis of the political situation in that region. Also the article talks about how a man named Graham Harrison offers a different view of the analysis, so its really good because it gives the point of view of the journalist and Graham Harrison and many others. (Naima)

http://www.agandfoodlaw.com/2009/10/un-1-billion-hungry-worldwide-in-2009.html

If you click on the link above, you'll be directed to the AALA (American Agriculture Law Association) web site. The AALA basically informs internet viewers/readers that about one billion people worldwide are starving. A couple reasons, were due to the bad economy and cost of foods rising. One of many countries that is effect by this is Sub-Saharan Africa which represent 265 million out of the total billion people starving worldwide. The AALA is trying their best to fix the problem by trying to straighten their food laws; so they would be able to lessen the hunger percentage worldwide.

United Nations- http://www.philforhumanity.com/Why_the_United_Nations_is_a_Useless_Failure.html

This page, which seems to be in mostly French, has all of the countries listed. http://esa.un.org/techcoop/regional.asp?ID=RAF

I posted this story on Newstrust. I'm waiting for it to get published. It is an article on the finance on Africa in comparison to other parts of africa and some other countries. It shows how they can grow financially in their region. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/Under-developed-sub-Saharan-region-offers-huge-opportunities-for-growth/articleshow/5601009.cms

Environment and Energy
Naima: Rwanda I chose this picture to show what type of energy is being used in Rwanda. This [|article] talks about what people at Manna energy LTD. are doing for the people in Rwanda. They are providing fresh water, and stoves all throughout the rural areas in Rwanda, they are taking a lot of time and energy to address all the health and economic challenges in that country. Their goal is to work with many different communities across Rwanda implementing different sustainable technologies for better cleaner energy, cleaner water, different economic solutions that will help with better health, education, and gender equality. It goes on to give examples of what they are doing in Rwanda, and provides a youtube video to better inform you about what they stand for and what they do.

Jeff: Zimbabwe

I was responsible for Zimbabwe. While, I was searching the inter-web, I stumble upon this article. The UNDP( United Nations Development Programme ) writes about how they are helping advance or in other words strength developing countries like Zimbabwe in Environmental issues and also energy wise so they( Zimbabwe) would be able to basically stand on their two feet.

If you click on the link below you will be able to read more about what steps the UNDP is taking to help Zimbabwe: http://www.undp.org.zw/what-we-do/environment-a-energy.html?3a1ed061a28f8a5e62fd4865066ea7fa=dirxelcs

Lucas

Here is a [|link] that talks about the need for global support for 3rd world African nations with issues around climate change. It it interesting that it was written before Copenhagen. The article was very hopeful something would get done that would help the agriculture in Sub- Saharan Africa. Link: http://www.guardian.co.uk/katine/katine-chronicles-blog/2009/nov/26/climate-change-african-farmers

Vienna This is an article which contains info on the environment on the world, how the UN wants to change the world environmentally. There is so much stuff in the world that needs to go somewhere. There are new technologies that are being created, called e-waste. Apparently South Africa has good potential for this, along with a few other countries.

http://www.gizmag.com/un-urges-action-on-e-waste/14320/

Science and Technology
__Newstrust articles__ Dinosaurs Ten Million Years Older Than Thought This National Geographic article talks about a groundbreaking discovering for the research into Dinosaurs. A brain new skeleton has been found recently in Tanzania. This creator is the oldest of its kinda and could possible push the age of the dinosaurs further back in time by ten million years. There have been scientists from all over the world working on this discovering. They have deducted that this creator, named //Asilisaurus, could possibly have been both a plant and meat eater. The// //Asilisaurus also ran on all fours according to the research which is different from the two-legged meat eating dinosaurs most people think of.// The Tanzania Ruhuhu Valley has be able to give scientists a bran new source of information which they are very excited about.

In The Standard, a Nairobi-based newspaper, there was [|an article about corn]. In Kenya, the corn crop is often set upon by striga weed, a parasite that severely harms the corn crop. Recently, though, a new variety of corn seed was developed by researchers that is immune to striga weed. This seed was developed by the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, and the Institute's Director says the corn seed has a shorter maturation period, leading to less affect by shorter rainfall than average. It is also tolerant of rust. The seed are beginning to be distributed now, March through April.

[|Science & Technology] This article is informative and somewhat interesting, as it discusses how far South Africa is away from scientific advancements and technology than U.S is. They have like a ten year plan and have to take it one step at a time in order for them to become more advanced but they need everyone to take part and participate. Advancements are challenging mainly, as discussed in this article; because it's post-apartheid in South Africa. They're coming up with helpful ideas but they just don't seem to be working. Like five years ago, two programs were introduced, one which increased the number of Phd graduates and the other program where the top researchers trained graduate students but not enough people are taking advantage of the opportunities. Without effort or interest, the plan won't go through like they want it to.

Economy
SA 'not fleecing' soccer fans Here is an article from the South African news source News24. It talks about the struggle South Africa, especially Johannesburg, is having between trying to actually make a profit and help the economy through hosting the FIFA world cup and yet keeping the soccer fans happy by not charging too much that they won't come. South Africa is far away from most of the other countries that will be partaking in the World Cup matches and therefore travel is much further for most than normal. The government and other organizing parties are trying to keep a hold on inflation that much occur during the games. There reaction was pretty much that they have talked to many companies about keeping to just around peak season prices or below for the games, and if people do not want to listen then silly them and they probably will be left without any business. This is a big opportunity for South Africa to get back on the world map and into the trading game again. They don't want to put people off from visiting the country after the World Cup.

[|Sub-Saharan Africa’s economic recovery challenges ahead 2010] This article discusses the challenges that Sub-Saharan Africa will face this year. In an attempt to help the outcome of Sub Saharan Africa, most countries in the region are trying yo maintain or even raise their public spending, which will allow temporary widening of fiscal deficits. It says that if there was a positive policy response and am "improving world outlook" then there should be 4% growth for Africa in 2010. There was a recent study done by the World Bank that said there were 24 African countries that showed that Sub Saharan Africa had poor infrastructure, including its electricity, water, roads, and information and communications technology (ICT). National economic growth was cut by 2 percentage points every year causing business productivity to reduce by as much as 40 percent. The World Bank President of Africa said that in order for an economy to grow, it needs modern infrastructure because it's the backbone of economy. There goal is for "growth in sub-Saharan Africa to rise to 4 percent in 2010 and 5 percent in 2011.”

[|No end to Nigeria cycle of violence] This article on the recent violence and the previous cycles of violence in Nigeria's center shows how the violence is rooted deeply in the economy of the affected region. Certain groups who migrated to the region more recently, within the past two or three generations, are labeled as 'settlers' as opposed to 'indigenes'-- those who can prove ancestry. On top of that, the split follows religious lines as well, with Muslims labeled as settlers and Christians indigenes. Settlers have a much harder time accessing jobs and various social services. They are cut out of part of the economy, and as such violence has become endemic.

Trade
[|Trade Liberalization and Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa] This article discussed the trading status in Sub-Saharan Africa. It talks about how in the poorest countries, like the ones included in Sub-Saharan Africa the lives of the people wouldn't be changed if developed-world protectionism were to be abandoned. It breaks down the reasons for the poverty in SSA, explaining that it is not because of trade and their lack of access to the world markets but because of things like lack of policies and institutions, like private property rights that are needed in order to have a well off market economy. African leaders aren't helping because the countries within SSA aren't open to trade at home so it's a little far fetched to request access to world trade markets. Countries in SSA don't have freedom in trade which is needed to be a successful economy, where it is balanced, rather than importing more than they export. Countries that trade more freely grow faster than countries that restrict trade, which happens in SSA.

Sub-Saharan Africa has been growing their trade relations, especially with China. China has funded numerous infrastructure projects in African countries. Sub-Saharan Africa also has many natural resources, and trade develops around those industries. Most recently, China has [|funded a mining contract] for Rio Tinto in Guinea, to develop the Simandou project for iron. This deal also includes infrastructure projects, rail-based development and port development. However, there is controversy surrounding trade agreements. The last agreement between China and Guinea came at an undemocratic time, and there are often controversies surrounding whether or not trade should happen with African countries who are not democratically governed. On the flip side, trade agreements and infrastructure projects create thousands of local jobs, which in turn stimulate African economies.

Canada Expanding Trade Relations With South Africa This article discusses the trade relationship between South Africa and Canada. The two Ministers have traveled to meet with each other and they had decided to strengthen their partnership. They are trying to make traveling between the two countries easier by providing direct flights between the two. Canada is also going to help South Africa build rail ways to increase the trading. South Africa is Canada's second largest Sub-Saharan trade partners and they want to increase the trade even more. SouthAfrica.info Here is a nice website that gives information about the trade happening within South Africa. According to this source the production of wine has really taken off in South Africa, along with the exportation of cars. Although South Africa exports many high quality goods around the world, they also import many things from all over. This website talks about what is being imported and the trade relations South Africa has with the rest of the world.

Interview with Sara Pope from South Africa: -How good is South Africa's access to friendly trade partners? "SA has good trade relationships with most of the countries in Southern Africa. We are lucky to have many resources and are one of the most advance countries in Africa so many countries are dependant on us. Despite the political trouble around us (mainly in Zimbabwe) we continue to trade with everyone and perhaps because of history we are unlikely to impose sanctions. Our president seems very friendly with our neighbouring country leaders. Judging by what I have in my house we import things from China and other Asian countries but other than that my knowledge of SA’s trade isn’t great."

-When shopping how much of the products are from South Africa vs the rest of the world? especially food. "Most of the basic, everyday food items are produced locally. Especially fruit and veg. Luxury food items are often imported."

-How has things changed since South Africa has been allowed to trade with the world again on the world trade market?(if you can remember) "I can’t really remember but I asked my mom and she says that not that much was different. A few things cost a bit more (I guess because they were harder to get) Access to overseas investment was apparently a problem."

Security and Terrorism
http://newstrust.net/stories/1229301/toolbar?ref=mp This article by the BBC talks about some of the issues that are now going on in South Africa after the killing of white supremacist leader Eugene Terreblanche. There is great turmoil that was reopened about the issue of race after this murder. This is going to cause a great issue when it comes to the security of South Africa. Race is a touchy subject and has lead to great wars amongst the different races in South Africa. It is hard to keep pace and a country safe when there is an issue of race as anyone that would control the situation (ie. Police) could just make it worse if they are of a different race. It will be interesting to see how events unfold after this murder.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8611227.stm

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This article talked about the security or lack of in South Africa. I had to be more specific in my search because when I typed in "Security and Terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa" books popped up. This article focuses on South Africa and the security of their World Cup Football stadium. There were rumors that Al Qaeda was planning to attack it on the day of and during an important sporting event on June 12. They claim that they haven't received any particular threats on the stadium but they state "Our police officers are being trained by the American police to combat chemical, biological and nuclear attacks." The senior superintendent with the South African police say that they must be prepared for any type of threat so they are working to improve their security conditions so that everyone will be safe and will be able to enjoy without worrying.=====

[|Kenya's Witness Protection Program] The Kenyan government has proposed a bill that wold establish a Witness Protection Agency. Talks in Parliament over this bill has recently concluded. The bill would establish a program to protect witnesses as they stand trial and after, and establish a fund to compensate for any injury of the witness. This bill would change a previous witness protection bill, making the program much more effective and life more secure for Kenyan witnesses.

**(Piph) Zimbabwe's Security and Terrorism:**
The military have a certain age service and obligations. Citizens have to be within the age range of 18-24 for compulsory military service. The amount of manpower available for military services was males ages: 16-49; 3,264,258; and females ages 16-49; 3,048,049 starting in 2008 est. The military expenditures is 3.8% of GDP in 2006 with the comparison to the world ranking 35.

Now in the US, their military service age and obligations are way different. It starts at the age 18 for males and females voluntary service, but 17 years old can start too but only with parental consent. The maximum enlistment is age 42 for the Army, 27 for the Air Force, 34 for the Navy, and 28 for the Marines. Service obligations for 8 years, including 2-5 years active duty for the Army, 2 years active for the Navy and 4 years active for the Air Force and Marines. The amount of Manpower available for the military service is males ages 16-49; 72,715,332; females ages 16-49; 71,638,785. The military expenditures is 4.06% of GDP in 2005 with the comparison to the world ranking 28.

Now just by looking at this, the US GDP and manpower is much, much greater then Zimbabwe's GDP and manpower. There could be many reasons as to why this is the way it is. It could be because of the amount of citizens they have, or it could be they type of government they have, along with the type of laws. There could possibly be many reasons as to why this is the way it is.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html (Zimbabwe) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html (United States)



Education
Education in Sub-Saharan Africa can be considered to be somewhat lacking. Several of the countries are affected by disease, armed conflicts, and government failures, resulting in millions of children having poor attendance. Several aid groups offer assistance in helping Africa's education system such as USAID. Below is a set of charts that graphically represent what children, also split into gender, are doing.

In Madagascar education was seen as part of everyday live, for instance the importance of maintaining one's place in a hierarchical society, above all, taught respect for ancestors. Like said above, attendance in schools are lacking. A significant amount of the adult population is illiterate. Between female and male youths literacy females are below. Madagascar has a few universities.

The graph above compares several African countries and the percentage of children who are in school versus the percentage of children who are under child labor. As can be seen, there's a negative correlation. The higher school attendance there is, the less child labor there is, but more child labor, there's less attendance.

[] I found this video and chose to elaborate on it rather than many other articles of education I found and this video can be conveniently accessed through your home connection. It delivers information based on Angelina Jolie's boarding school she essentially constructed in Kenya, it says that the Kenyan girls whom are 14 could be married but don’t choose to be so they’re facility is sealed off with barbed wire. This is an all girls school, everyone has equal opportunities but it’s only a junior school meaning there is no chance of further education without donations and sponsors, but that money can also be used for food and water. Angelina speaks about the refugee camp she visited in Kenya and also speaks on the dire situation that Somali is in. The country is in need of water, resources, food, and so on, but the families are still generous. This has been brought to you by sasuke vince evans! Thank you. Sub-Saharan Africa's education varies from nation to nation, as it happens throughout the world. One country that has an interesting education system is South Africa. South Africa has been struggling to have a better education. They struggle because they are haunted by the apartheid that dominated South Africa not too long ago. In this video you can see a more detailed explanation on how some students feel confident and are willing to succeed in anything they do. Apartheid Haunts South Africa's Schools.

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94.2% is male and 87.2% is female but have the average total population of 90.7% Their school life expectancy is that both male and females get 9 years each worth of education and their education expenditures is 4.6% of GDP. To me this isn't a lot especially for the children. Little amount of money is given to them to get the type of resources the children needs to learn which is a problem for them. Because they don't get a lot of education especially as much as the US, they wont be able to obtain the knowledge for the survival of their community. Im comparison with the world, Zimbabwe is ranked number 83.======

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Now in the US, their literacy has the total population of 99% with both male and females having a 99% average too. Their school life expectancy is 16 years in total, but males get 15 years while females gets 16 years. Their education expenditures is 5.3% of GDP, which i honestly don't think is a lot either for the education system, but their country comparison to the world is ranked number 56, which is pretty much higher then Zimbabwe's country.======

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html (Zimbabwe) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html (United States)



Health
[]

This article is about the health care conditions that Sub-Saharan Africa. The African Science Academy Development Initiative ( ASADI ) said that newborns, children and their mothers can be saved if the health care in Sub Saharan Africa were to be improved. In countries with drastic poor health care levels, there are people that suffer more from things like high maternal and child mortality. It is said that "wealthiest families have an 85 percent rate of skilled birth attendance, the poorest families only have a 13 percent rate of access to such care." If there were increases in different areas of health care like antibiotics, contraceptives, and basic vaccines, then it would save about 200 thousand lives in the region of North Nigeria alone and it would cost about $55 million dollars but it would definitely be worth the investment. There are a lack of basic medicines that are needed to maintain a healthy country in Sub-Saharan Africa and they seriously need to improve their health care system so that less lives will be lost and there will be less suffering.

@http://newstrust.net/stories/1135711/toolbar?ref=mp This article by the BBC talks about the fact that in Sierra Leone the stereotype of Doctors getting paid a ton is not true around the world. In Sierra Leone there as a huge strike by Doctors and nurses in order to try and get paid more. The strike happened because the country wants to "introduce free medical healthcare for pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers, as well as children under five years." The medical personal claim that this will cause more people to come in, making their job harder. Right now nurses only make $40 a month! This strike was needed but some say also caused a few deaths from people not getting the care they need.

Development
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, one of the largest countries in Africa, is rich with natural resources yet remains to be impoverished, lacking of a good living standard, and stricken with civil disputes. The DRC has a history of violence with Rwanda, due to cross border issues. As a result of the issues, millions of people have been killed. However, the United States and U.N peacekeeping missions have shown support to reduce the amount of violence led by rebels.

The following table reports the DRC's Human Development Index, which essentially measures the overall development of the country in four different topics--Life expectancy, Adult literacy, Combined gross enrollment, and GDP per capita.

**Congo (Democratic Republic of the)’s human development index 2007**
 * HDI value || Life expectancy at birth || Adult literacy rate || Combined gross enrollment ratio || GDP per capita (PPP US$) ||
 * < 1. Norway (0.971) ||< 1. Japan (82.7) ||< 1. Georgia (100.0) ||< 1. Australia (114.2) ||< 1. Liechtenstein (85,382) ||
 * < 174. Burundi (0.394) ||< 166. Mozambique (47.8) ||< 116. Cameroon (67.9) ||< 159. Ethiopia (49.0) ||< 179. Liberia (362) ||
 * < 175. Chad (0.392) ||< 167. Nigeria (47.7) ||< 117. Angola (67.4) ||< 160. Burundi (49.0) ||< 180. Burundi (341) ||
 * < **176. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) (0.389)** ||< **168. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) (47.6)** ||< **118. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) (67.2)** ||< **161. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) (48.2)** ||< **181. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) (298)** ||
 * < 177. Burkina Faso (0.389) ||< 169. Guinea-Bissau (47.5) ||< 119. Egypt (66.4) ||< 162. Mali (46.9) ||<  ||
 * < 178. Mali (0.371) ||< 170. Sierra Leone (47.3) ||< 120. India (66.0) ||< 163. Gambia (46.8) ||<  ||
 * < 182. Niger (0.340) ||< 176. Afghanistan (43.6) ||< 151. Mali (26.2) ||< 177. Djibouti (25.5) ||

Source: http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_COD.html

Trans-Saharan Migration to North Africa and the EU: Historical Roots and Current Trends http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?id=484

**Sub-Saharan Africa unlikely to halve poverty by 2015**
It is very likely that by 2015 Sub-Saharan Africa will still be under poverty. 'The World Bank and the IMF stated that about 38% of sub-Saharan Africa’s population would remain poor by 2015.' Researches said that the MDG (Millenium Development Goals) target of halving the people in poverty is “very unlikely”.

South Africa is a developing country. In [|this article] there is an argument on what is happening in South Africa and how it is faced by many countries. South Africa is trying to develop more and more opportunities for people, but because it is still low, it is hard for the world to see, therefore it is "Grossly Inappropriate."

(Piph) Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe's economy was pretty bad. They had multiple plans to help them grow. The first plan was a three-year development plan that was adopted in 1983-1985. This plan called for investments in the public sector and assumed an average net growth rate of 8% per year. Manufacturing was to receive 23% of total investment, transport 14%, and agriculture 13%, but the Total investment fell 30% short of this goal. The second plan was the Five-Year Development Plan for 1986-1990, which was called for an annual growth rate of 5.1%, some 60% from public sector investment and 40% from foreign sources. Education, defense, and debt service were the largest categories of government spending. Then during the 1990's, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) supported Zimbabwe;s balance of payments, but in 1999 President Robert Mugabe declared that he would sever ties with the development fund. The president was not willing to "save" the economy under a structural adjustment plan because it would have effectively bankrupted the government. So, in 2000, economic development slid backwards as inflation spiraled, industries died, and agricultural production fell.

Mugabe's radical land reform program, poor management of the economy, and interference with the judiciary have combines to prevent further investment and development. This caused shortages of food, fuel, and foreign exchange beginning in the early 2000s. In 2002, the IMF suspended Zimbabwe's technical assistance to the country, due to the nonpayment of arrears. In 2003, the IMF suspended Zimbabwe's voting and related rights and within that same year, inflation stood at 270%, and economic and social conditions had deteriorated, including a rise in unemployment and poverty, and a worsening of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the country. In February 2003, the government launched a National Economic Revival Program (NERP) designed to stabilize the economy.



http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Zimbabwe-ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT.html

**(Piph) Zimbabwe**
Ethnic Groups: African is 98% broken up into different groups (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, and Other 2%), mixed and Asian is 1%, and white is less than 1%. They have multiple types of religions; syncretic, which is part Christian and part indigenous beliefs, is 50%, Christian is 25%, indigenous beliefs is 24%, and Muslim and other is 1%. Types of languages: English (official), Shona, Sindebele, which is the language of Ndebele, and numerous but minor tribal dialects. With the US, they also have multiple ethnic groups. White with 79.96%, black with 12.85%, Asian with 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native with .97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander is .18%, Hispanics is 15.1%, and two or more races is 1.61%. The US also have multiple religions such as Protestant (51.3%), Roman Catholic (23.9%), Mormon (1.7%), other Christian (1.6%), Jewish (1.7%), Buddhist (0.7%), Muslim (0.6%), other or unspecified (2.5%), unaffiliated (12.1%), and none (4%). Types of languages they speak are English (82.1%), Spanish (10.7%), other Indo-European (3.8%), Asian and Pacific island (2.7%), and other (0.7%).

**Religion**
Below there is a table and a graph that shows the religion statistics in Sub-Saharan Africa. If you can't tell, 41% of it is Christianity, followed by 34% Muslim, then an 18% Traditional religions, which are "is a term referring to a variety of religions indigenous to the continent of Africa" (defined by Wikipedia). The other 7% is other religions.

With religion, there is a clash. In Nigeria there were thousands of people massacred in a Muslim/Christian conflict. In Sudan the militia wants to create a all Muslim country, which leads them to cause genocide.

**Languages:**
In Africa there are over 800 languages. English and French are known to be the "common languages". Swahili is also a main language.

Sasuke here, weekly updating my data on Kenya but this time covering Culture so I chose to look up some cultural dance/music of Kenya and came up with a bunch of correlations between our culture and Kenya culture. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OZLOzW5ntc That’s a link that’s accessible at home that presents to the viewer a music video from Kenya that contains dance, and generic music from Kenya and from watching this I concluded that a lot of their culture is like ours. If one were to look at a music video here they would see the same things that were premiered in the Kenyan music video, that being vibrant colors, catchy beats, (probably lyrics as well, I am not fluent in the Kenyan language) the style of dress is similar, and more. If I researched some older videos I’m sure just as our culture did, the Kenyans had a point where they changed from this norm to that one, or changed trends/fads, however one wished to refer to it as.

Human Rights
So, I looked at Article 25 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights from 1984, which basically states that everyone has the right to the basic human necessities. Namely health care, food, clothing, housing, and the like in an event of misfortune. Now, comparing Sub-Saharan Africa to this particular article, there are some huge differences. Mostly that Africa doesn't have the money to take care of each individual like this. While, I'm sure that they would want to given the opportunity, but it is just not practical for a region such as theirs.

For Human Rights, I looked at Article two. In article two it states that every human is entitled to the rights in all the articles. The articles obtain to everything from health care, to freedoms, and to any other thing that would be associated with basic human rights. It states that " All articles apply to each and every individual, and religion, race, and beliefs do not affect who the articles apply to.

I read Article 16 which talks about marriage rights. In this article, it states that people of any race, nationality or religion can get married while maintaining equal rights even through dissolution. It also says that in order to be wed, both parties must give full consent and after marriage are entitled to protection by society and the state.

I read article 20 which talks about the rights to a peaceful assembly and that no one must be compelled to belong to an association. This is to help people be able to feel that they do not have to belong to anything at all if they don't want to. It also states that people have the right to have a peaceful assembly and they will not be disturbed.

Gender
I think the best way to show the gender differences in Sub-Saharan Africa is to look at the education statistics between men and women. This is a chart taken off of a blog by a man who analyzes education data for a living:



Now, notice how Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest numbers on the chart //and// has the biggest difference in gender statistics. So, obviously, there is gender bias throughout the region. I also looked at an article about how the United Nations is trying to improve female education in Sub-Saharn Africa. Females seem to get the shorter end of the stick across the board; not only do they less education but rape is another huge problem.

Malawi In Malawi there was a gay couple sentenced to 14 years (the maximum) in prison for wanting to have a ceremony to be married. They were not allowed to have a ceremony or to even celebrate being together. They were arrested on December 27th, a day after celebrating being together. If there are people in this world that are being put away for things like this, what does that say about how globalization is working? Things are taking a turn in America for people to be able to marry other people of the same gender. There is obviosuly things that are going wrong in other places of the world. If people can not express themselves over something like this, they are not being treated fair.

In Africa many women are treated just like men. They have to carry water, find food, and cook. Most women in Africa are also held hostage as breeders because they make money of off child labor. Their children do the same work as adults. Males mostly dominate in the world of Africa, and Females lag behind. Hopefully soon the females will rise.

=school's overrrrrrrrrr!=